In the opening years of the twenty‐first century, anthropology in Denmark has become a widely recognized field of scholarship both at home and internationally. While being increasingly internationalized in terms of research interests as well as of recruitment, it has remained distinct not least in terms of its public position in Danish society. This has deep roots in an earlier “preprofessional” anthropology that took off in the eighteenth century and continued through the nineteenth century. This entry traces this development from the Enlightenment through romanticism to the present, and shows how the discipline's trajectory was related to expeditions, to publications, and to a close relationship first with the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, later with the National Museum, and eventually with the Danish universities, when, in the 1960s, specific departments were first created.